The possibility of producing transgenic animals – or genetically modified organisms (GMOs) – has revolutionised research. Transgenic mice are becoming increasingly popular as laboratory animals because they are suitable for many experiments and provide a valuable counterbalance to the use of human cells in scientific studies.
What is the transgenic mouse?
A transgenic mouse is a type of mouse that has been genetically modified. It is produced by adding a gene to an existing mouse, creating an animal that can then be studied. To create mice, scientists use a virus to insert new genes into the DNA of a fertilised egg. Once the new gene is inserted, it is passed on from generation to generation. The genes can come from different species, such as humans and mice.
What are the possibilities of creating transgenic mice?
Transgenic mice are created by introducing a gene of interest into an animal, usually a mouse. There are two main methods for this: homologous recombination and random integration. In homologous recombination, the gene is inserted near identical genes in the mouse genome. In random integration, the gene is inserted anywhere in the genome. The result is a plasma that has both human and mouse genes.
How are transgenic mice used in research?
Transgenic mice are used in human disease research, for example to study the effects of drugs in mouse models of human diseases. In the most common type of experiment, a virus whose DNA encodes a specific protein is introduced into fertilised mouse oocytes. These eggs are then grown in the laboratory and then implanted into a female mouse, which gestates and gives birth to babies.
Conclusion
The work of scientists has led to significant improvements in animal welfare. Numerous laws and regulations have been introduced to protect animals. Transgenic mice are only used when they are beneficial to humanity.
