Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the normal flora (bacterial population) in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis affects millions of women worldwide, and it is estimated that around 29% of women in the United States have bacterial vaginosis at some point in their lives. 

Bacterial vaginosis might cause itching in the vagina. If you have the same complaint, visit the healthcare provider soon. They will rule out if you have a fungal or bacterial infection. To get an expert opinion, you can have an Online Gynecologist Consultation.

Causes Of Bacterial Vaginosis

The exact cause of BV is still not known, but it is thought that certain factors can increase the risk of developing such a condition. These factors include:

• Imbalance in the vaginal microbiome: When the balance of the microbiome is disrupted, it can lead to an overgrowth of certain bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, which is often associated with bacterial vaginosis
• Sexual activity: Having multiple sexual partners or engaging in unprotected sex can increase the risk of developing bacterial vaginosis. 
• Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy, menopause, or the menstrual cycle, can also contribute to the development of bacterial vaginosis: 

Symptoms Of Bacterial Vaginosis

Many women with bacterial vaginosis do not experience any symptoms, but when they do occur, they can include:

• Unusual vaginal discharge with a fishy odor
• Vaginal itching or irritation in and around the vagina
• Burning during urination
• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse

Diagnosis Of Bacterial Vaginosis

It can be diagnosed through a combination of a pelvic exam and laboratory tests. The diagnostic methods for bacterial vaginosis can be discussed as follows.

• Pelvic Exam

During this exam, a healthcare provider will examine the vagina and cervix for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge. They may also perform a bimanual exam, which involves inserting two fingers into the vagina and pressing on the lower abdomen with the other hand to check for any tenderness or abnormalities.

• Vaginal Discharge Test

The most common method of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is to obtain a vaginal discharge sample and analyze it. Collection of the specimen of the vaginal discharge can be done through the following tests: 

• Swab Test
• Wet Mount Test
• pH Test (A pH level of 4.5 or higher is indicative of bacterial vaginosis)
• Whiff Test

Treatment Of Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis can be treated with antibiotics, which can be administered orally or applied topically. Common antibiotics used to treat BV include 

• metronidazole
• clindamycin
• tinidazole

Treatment typically lasts for 7 days. 

In addition to antibiotics, several home remedies may help alleviate the symptoms of BV. These remedies include:

• Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help restore the balance of the vaginal microbiome. Probiotics can be taken orally or applied topically.
• Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil is an essential oil that has antibacterial properties. It can be applied topically to the vagina to help reduce inflammation and fight bacterial infections.
• Apple cider vinegar: Apple cider vinegar is an acidic substance that can help restore the natural pH balance of the vagina. It can be added to a warm bath or applied topically.

The Bottom Line 

Bacterial vaginosis might not cause any symptoms. But sometimes, it can cause bothersome vaginal itching and unusual discharge. If you have the same symptoms, you should consult a healthcare provider. To get an expert opinion, you can visit a gynecologist in Rawalpindi.